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vPAC and IEC-61850

vPAC and IEC-61850

Compare and contrast process bus network and station bus network in IEC-61850

1. Process Bus Network purpose is to facilitate communication between primary equipment (e.g. circuit breakers, transformers) and protection and control devices. Voltages and Current measurement values are being digitized using sampled values or SV protocol (IEC-61850 9-2 commonly referred to as SV protocol). IEC-61850-9-2 LE specifies the common sampling rate for SV. The common SV is 4800 samples per second or 80 samples per cycle. 1 second divided by 4800 = 208 microseconds.



1A. Process Bus Network is primarily concerned with real-time protection and replaces conventional hardwired connection with digital communication.

1B. Process Bus Network transmits analog measurement values in digitized sampled value format or SV protocol from merging units and GOOSE messages for protection. Example of sample value setting for merging unit (is simply an Analog to Digital converter unit) is 80 sampled value every cycle. For 60 Hz electrical system like in USA the digitized raw sampled valued measurement for voltage or current will be 4800 sampled value every second.
For protection relay the sample value setting might be 16 sampled value every cycle. For 60 Hz electrical system like in USA the digitized raw sampled valued measurement for voltage or current will be 960 sampled value every second. Since the analog signal starts from instrument transformer then passes through the merging unit with 4800 sample values per second this digitized sampled values need to be downsized to match the virtual relay sampled value setting of 960 sample values per second.



1C. Process Bus Network typically uses optical fiber to replace traditional hardwired copper wiring.

1D. Process Bus Network typically connects the merging units, circuit breakers, and instrument transformers

1E. Process Bus Network typically high-speed, low latency (for Operating System (OS) vPAC recommendation is less than 100 microsecond and for L2 Reflect test or Ping Pong Test for signal detection vPAC recommendation is less than 250 microsecond.
while IEC-61850 is recommending latency of 3000 microsecond or 3 millisecond from sensor transmit input/ouput to network to receive input/output to operating system.



2. Station Bus Network purpose is to enable communication between protection, control, and monitoring devices within substation.

2A. Station Bus Network focuses on substation automation, enabling communication between different intelligent electronic devices and SCADA systems.

2B. Station Bus Network handles GOOSE messages, MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) for SCADA, and other control signals.



2C. Station Bus Network uses Ethernet-base (Local Area Network - LAN) communication for station-level automation.

2D. Sation Bus Network typically connects protection relays, SCADA, HMI (Human Machine Interface), and gateways.

2E. Station Bus Network facilitates automation, monitoring, and control of substation.



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